Resistance to the installation of the Inquisition in the Kingdom of Aragon, for example, was often couched in terms of local legal privileges fueros. To do away with the powerful converso minority. Many members of influential families such as the Santa Fes, the Santangels, the Caballerias and the Sanchezes, were prosecuted in the Kingdom of Aragon.
This is contradicted, to an extent, by the fact that Ferdinand, King of Aragon, continued to employ many conversos in his administration. Economic support. Given that one of the measures used with those tried was the confiscation of property, this possibility cannot be discarded Activity of the Inquisition Beginnings Alonso de Hojeda, a Dominican from Seville, convinced Queen Isabel of the existence of crypto-Judaism among Andalusian conversos during her stay in Seville between and The monarchs decided to introduce the Inquisition to Castile to uncover and do away with false converts, and requested the Pope's assent.
The bull also gave the monarchs exclusive authority to name the inquisitors. At first, the activity of the Inquisition was limited to the dioceses of Seville and Cordoba, where Alonso de Hojeda had detected the centre of converso activity. The sermon was given by the same Alonso de Hojeda whose suspicions had given birth to the Inquisition.
From there, the Inquisition grew rapidly in the Kingdom of Castile. In reality, Ferdinand did not resort to new appointments, he simply resuscitated the old Pontifical Inquisition, submitting it to his direct control.
In addition, differences between Ferdinand and Sixtus IV prompted the latter to promulgate a new bull categorically prohibiting the Inquisition's extension to Aragon. In this bull, the Pope unambiguously criticized the procedures of the inquisitorial court, affirming that, many true and faithful Christians, because of the testimony of enemies, rivals, slaves and other low people--and still less appropriate--without tests of any kind, have been locked up in secular prisons, tortured and condemned like relapsed heretics, deprived of their goods and properties, and given over to the secular arm to be executed, at great danger to their souls, giving a pernicious example and causing scandal to many.
With it, the Inquisition became the only institution with authority throughout all the kingdoms of the Spanish monarchy, and, in all of them, a useful mechanism at the service of the crown. Between the years and , the Inquisition saw a period of intense activity.
Sources differ as far as the number of trials and executions that took place during those years. Of them, the immense majority were conversos of Jewish origin. On March 31, , scarcely three months after the reconquest concluded with the fall of the last Nazari Kingdom of Granada, Ferdinand and Isabella promulgated a decree ordering the expulsion of Jews from all their kingdoms.
Jewish subjects were given until July 31 of the same year to choose between accepting baptism and leaving the country definitively. Although the decree allowed them to take all their possessions with them, land-holdings, of course, had to be sold, and gold, silver and coined money were forfeit. The reason given to justify this measure was that the proximity of unconverted Jews served as a reminder of their former faith and seduced many conversos into relapsing and returning to the practice of Judaism.
A delegation of Jews, headed by Isaac Abravanel, offered a large sum to the monarchs as compensation for the revocation of the edict.
Fourteen tribunals fed into the Suprema. These were initially set up in areas where they were deemed to be needed, but were later established in fixed locations. Two inquisitors and a prosecutor sat in each tribunal, with one inquisitor, the alguacil , being responsible for detaining, jailing, and physically torturing the defendant. The arrival of the Spanish Inquisition must have been truly terrifying. Congregations were, at first, encouraged to come before a tribunal voluntarily so that they could confess their heresies, for which they would usually receive lighter punishments.
But they were then cajoled or threatened to turn informant on their families, friends and neighbours. Once someone was accused and the presence of heresy had been established, they would be imprisoned. Their property would be confiscated to cover expenses and maintenance costs, while the imprisonment could last months, if not years.
When a case, finally, came before a tribunal, the process consisted of a series of hearings during which both denouncer and defendant gave their version of events. Our handy Language Resources section is here to help! Verbs, structure, expressions Improve your grasp on grammar and vocab!
One of the darker periods of Spanish history is the Spanish Inquisition, which shrouded Spain for over years. In both scope and intensity, the Spanish Inquisition far surpassed the Medieval Inquisition, from which the Catholic monarchs took the original idea. Following their kingdom-uniting marriage, the famous Catholic monarchs Fernando and Isabel had quite a project ahead of them.
In , he issued a bull , or decree, that set up a tribunal court system to try heretics and punish them. He chose the Dominican Order, known for being very well-educated and knowledgeable about complex theology, to conduct the Inquisition. The monarchy was Catholic, and it had just united two kingdoms, Aragon and Castile, as a single country in the late 15th century.
Reasons for the Inquisition included a desire to create religious unity and weaken local political authorities and familial alliances. Money was another motive -- the government made a profit by confiscating the property of those found guilty of heresy.
Historians speculate that the monarchy convinced Pope Sixtus IV to allow the inquisition by threatening to remove Spanish troops from Rome, where they were needed to prevent an attack by Turkey. Many prominent citizens were concerned about their country's religious diversity and had bigoted attitudes toward non-Catholics. Jews were subjected to violent attacks known as pogroms and isolated in ghettos.
Many were killed. The Inquisition was officially established in , and Jews were banished a few years later when King Ferdinand II issued the Alhambra Decree in , ordering them to leave on pain of death.
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